A kidney transplant is a surgical procedure where a healthy kidney from a donor is placed into a person whose kidneys have failed. This is often considered the best treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or chronic kidney failure when the kidneys can no longer effectively filter waste from the blood. When is a Kidney Transplant Needed? A kidney transplant is typically recommended for individuals with ESRD, which can result from conditions such as: -Chronic glomerulonephritis. -Diabetes mellitus leading to diabetic nephropathy. -Polycystic kidney disease. -Hypertensive nephrosclerosis. -Other chronic kidney diseases that lead to permanent kidney damage.